How is coagulation typically achieved in water treatment?

Coagulation in water treatment is most commonly achieved by adding chemicals known as coagulants, with alum (aluminum sulfate) being one of the most widely used. The process involves the addition of these chemicals to the water, which helps to destabilize and aggregate suspended particles and colloids. When alum is introduced into the water, it reacts with impurities and particles, causing them to clump together into larger aggregates, known as flocs. This makes it easier to remove these particles from the water during subsequent filtration and sedimentation processes.

The effectiveness of coagulation is crucial for improving water clarity and quality by reducing turbidity, eliminating pathogens, and preparing the water for disinfection and further treatment steps. Engaging in this chemical treatment is fundamental in water treatment plants to produce safe and potable water for public consumption.