What defines biological contamination in drinking water?

Biological contamination in drinking water is characterized by the presence of harmful microorganisms that can lead to illness. This category includes bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other pathogens that can enter the water supply through various sources, such as sewage, animal waste, or contaminated runoff. These microorganisms can cause a range of health issues, from gastrointestinal infections to more severe diseases, making their presence in drinking water a significant public health concern.

Understanding biological contaminants is critical for assessing and maintaining water safety. Effective water treatment processes, such as chlorination, filtration, and ultraviolet light treatment, are designed to eliminate or inactivate these harmful agents, ensuring that drinking water is safe for public consumption.

This definition differs from other types of contamination. For instance, while chemicals might alter the taste of water or heavy metals could indicate industrial pollution, neither relates directly to the biological aspect of contamination associated with health risks posed by microorganisms. Similarly, dissolved solids affect the clarity and aesthetic quality of water but do not represent a biological threat.