Which chemical is commonly used to disinfect drinking water?

Chlorine is a widely used chemical for disinfecting drinking water due to its effectiveness in killing bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that can pose health risks. When added to water, chlorine forms various chemical species that help eliminate pathogens and provide residual disinfection as the water moves through the distribution system. This residual effect is crucial, as it helps maintain water safety until it reaches consumers.

The use of chlorine has been a standard practice in water treatment because it is relatively inexpensive, easily accessible, and effective at a range of concentrations. Additionally, chlorine can also help oxidize other harmful substances in water, further contributing to water quality improvement. Its role in preventing waterborne diseases has made it an essential component of public health strategies in managing drinking water safety.