Which factors can influence the presence of pathogens in potable water sources?

The presence of pathogens in potable water sources is significantly influenced by climate conditions and land use practices. Climate conditions, such as rainfall patterns, temperature fluctuations, and extreme weather events, can affect the levels of waterborne pathogens. For instance, heavy rainfall can lead to surface runoff, which may carry pathogens from animal waste and septic systems into water supplies. Warmer temperatures can also enhance the growth and survival of certain pathogens.

Land use practices, including agricultural activities, deforestation, and urban development, can further contribute to the contamination of water sources. For example, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture can lead to runoff that introduces harmful microorganisms into water systems, while urbanization can increase impervious surfaces, leading to higher runoff and potential pathogen transport.

Understanding these factors helps in developing strategies for water quality management and ensuring safe drinking water.