Why is fluoride commonly added to drinking water?

Fluoride is commonly added to drinking water primarily to prevent dental caries, which are cavities caused by tooth decay. This practice, known as water fluoridation, has been widely adopted due to its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of cavities in both children and adults. Fluoride helps to strengthen tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acid attacks from decay-causing bacteria in the mouth. This mechanism has been supported by numerous studies showing a significant decrease in dental caries in populations with fluoridated water compared to those without.

The addition of fluoride to drinking water is a public health measure aimed at improving oral health on a community-wide basis. This approach is particularly beneficial in areas where dental care access may be limited, ensuring that all individuals receive some level of protection against tooth decay. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognizes water fluoridation as one of the top public health achievements due to its proven effectiveness in reducing dental health disparities.

Other options presented do not accurately reflect the main purpose of fluoride in drinking water. Enhancing water's physical properties or improving agricultural irrigation do not pertain to the specific benefits of fluoride. Reducing the growth of harmful bacteria is more associated with disinfectants, rather than the role of fluoride, which